The American “Clown” Party and American Spontaneity
1. An Energetic Split
The growing revolutionary wind of our times has already influenced the fallow field of current “Marxist” organizing in our country in a very discernible way. In October of 2024, the oldest and largest “Communist” party, the Communist Party USA (CPUSA), experienced the splintering of 32 of its chapters, with their subsequent reconstitution as a new “Communist” party, the American Communist Party (ACP).[1]
The ACP justify their break from the CPUSA for many reasons, with a primary one being that the CPUSA “have replaced serious Marxist–Leninist education with eclectic seminars given from the liberal perspective, designed primarily to instill allegiance to the Democratic Party.”[2]
This quote was taken from the ACP’s founding declaration, and is undoubtedly true regarding the CPUSA and many other so-called “Marxist” parties within the country, who have abandoned Marxism-Leninism, the dictatorship of the proletariat, and the vanguard strategies that they call for in favor of electoralism and the supposed gains of bourgeois “democracy.”
To demonstrate, read this parenthetical aside put forward in an article which is part of the CPUSA’s “Mailbag” column, answering the asinine question, “What if the people don’t want socialism?”:
By the way, to dispel a misconception: we do not see ourselves ruling a single-party state, as in the Soviet or Chinese models. The multi-party system is part of the democratic traditions of this country, and socialism has to be built on those.[3]
This is a direct denial of the Marxist dictatorship of the proletariat, and a clear admittance of bourgeois opportunism on the part of the supposed “Communists” in the CPUSA. Lenin critiqued the bourgeois parliamentarianism of his own time, demanding that socialists commit themselves to revolution, rather than the winning of reforms. Read this portion of The State and Revolution, where he affirms the revolution and the dictatorship of the proletariat over electoral gains in bourgeois politics, which were championed in Lenin’s time by the revisionist and “renegade,” Kautsky.
We, however, shall break with these traitors to socialism, and we shall fight for the complete destruction of the old state machine, in order that the armed proletariat itself may become the government. These are two vastly different things.
Kautsky will have to enjoy the pleasant company of…{those}…who are quite willing to work for the “shifting of the balance of forces within the state power”, for “winning a majority in parliament”, and “raising parliament to the ranks of master of the government”. A most worthy object, which is wholly acceptable to the opportunists and which keeps everything within the bounds of the bourgeois parliamentary republic.
We, however, shall break with the opportunists; and the entire class-conscious proletariat will be with us in the fight—not to “shift the balance of forces”, but to overthrow the bourgeoisie, to destroy bourgeois parliamentarism, for a democratic republic after the type of the Commune, or a republic of Soviets of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies, for the revolutionary dictatorship of the proletariat.[4]
Proletarian freedom is not won by LARPing “worker’s democracy” without worker organizations and under the “democracy” of the capitalists, as the CPUSA and many other parties do. The oppressed working class knows this, if only intuitively, and its political consciousness does not wait on votes, reforms, and representative bourgeois democracy, especially since its members, in many ways, are practically barred from participating in bourgeois democracy on the whole.
In posturing themselves as Marxist-Leninists opposite liberal democracy, the ACP reveals themselves as a more energetic, more working class, and, in this single lonely instance, a more principled organization. The split they were able to make from the sleepier CPUSA reveals that today, there is a section among the masses that are politically interested in Communism, and have become disenchanted by the failed attempts of the liberals, increasingly drawn to the Leninist vanguard strategy. This is fantastic news for us actual Marxist-Leninists, not to mention the revolution, even while the ACP itself is representative of imperialist capital, and doing their best to rob Marxism-Leninism of its progressive character, as we will show.
2. American “Chauvinist” Party
The question is whether it is permissible for a Marxist, directly or indirectly, to advance the slogan of national culture, or whether he should oppose it by advocating, in all languages, the slogan of workers’ internationalism while “adapting” himself to all local and national features...
Those who seek to serve the proletariat must unite the workers of all nations, and unswervingly fight bourgeois nationalism, domestic and foreign. The place of those who advocate the slogan of national culture is among the nationalist petty bourgeois, not among the Marxists.
--V. I. Lenin, “Critical Remarks on the National Question,” 1913[5]
While the ACP has decidedly turned towards the masses and the workers by proclaiming (in word) Marxism-Leninism and vanguard strategies, they have risen above none of the populism and general reaction of their environment, leaving ample room for (and, in fact, inviting in) dizzying levels of opportunism and chauvinism... so much that they can hardly be considered a progressive organization, much less a Communist one.
For one, Mr. Haz Al-Din, their “Chairman”[6] and co-founder,[7] is quite fond of Nazis and Nazbols. In an article in which he directly appeals to the right, titled, “Marxism is Not Woke: Clearing Marxism's name,” Mr. Haz says, “Marxist theory in the West is meaningless without the aid of Dugin and Heidegger’s thinking.”[8], [9] For anyone not familiar, AleksandrDugin and Martin Heidegger are both rabid anti-communist academics – of different time periods – and obvious representatives of bourgeois interests. Dugin co-founded the National Bolshevik Party in Russia in 1993,[10], [11] and is the founder of the more recent Eurasia Party,[12] which has become a vehicle for his fascistic, anti-communist political ideas like The Fourth Political Theory, which attempts to unite reaction around hyper-nationalist ideas of “multi-polarity” and “anti-Americanism.”As for Heidegger, he was a prominent member of the Nazi Party, acting as its legal consultant and talking head, especially when it came to the party’s relationship with universities.[13], [14] He joined the Nazis in 1933[15] and remained a member through the end of WWII. He served as Rector of the University of Freiburg, and afterward entered the university lecture circuits, using his influence to mold German universities to the Nazi program.[14,][15] Between the years of 1934 and 1936, he sat on the Committee for the Philosophy of Law in the Academy for German Law, of which he acted as a consultant in constructing legislation; specifically, the Nuremberg racial laws, which cemented Jewish people as a race under the German government, paving the way for the Holocaust.[13] Apparently, the ACP’s “chairman” forgot that Communists oppose fascism and Nazism.
It’s only fitting, since the ACP has fully taken up national chauvinism, that they recognize some of the chief architects of national chauvinism in the form of Dugin and Heidegger. Both them and the ACP spend their time courting ideas of the Übermensch, holding national sentiment above all else, and wishing to build a new national consciousness and a “new man” through strength of will alone. Look at this excerpt from their constitution, where they fascistically look backwards, baptizing the American myth with “revolutionary” aesthetics and using it as a springboard for their own nation-building:
The Party upholds and strives to deepen the American revolutionary tradition beginning in 1776 and for the construction of a sovereign and united Republic of, by, and for the American people.[16]
Despite these being supposed “Communists,” the theology they preach and the republic the ACP advocates for is not one in service to the international proletarian class. They do not want the dictatorship of the proletariat, or even a republic for the international class of workers, but a “deepening” of bourgeois nationalism, a deepening of the rule of the so-known “American people,” a term that disguises a conglomeration of classes and particularly the domination of the ruling class of bourgeoisie, which is an international class that oppresses an international class of workers. Disguising this truth -- a truth that any actual Communist knows and propagates among the people -- is not the work of a socialist party, but the work of the bourgeoisie, and an opportunist party. What the ACP is deepening by bowing to nationalism is not socialism, but the rule of capital and reactionary idealism. This is because they fail to instruct on class and, instead, like a liberal, substitute the bourgeois nation as its replacement.
But their chauvinism doesn’t stop at valorizing the slave-owning American planters and their bourgeois revolt. In their constitution they include a section specifically enshrining the American national identity as a whole, along with the religious sentiments that often accompany it:
Section 7C: All attempts to offend and provoke the national and religious sensibilities of the people are strictly prohibited.[17]
The ACP defending the “sensibilities” of especially a nation that sits at the height of imperial accumulation, whose bourgeoisie continue to perform the open and bare-faced global violence required to maintain that nation’s position, is inexcusable for a Communist organization. While it should not be directly antagonized by us who stand for the class of the proletariat, the national sentiments of Americans are ripe for antagonizing, and will be antagonized! The United States continues its vile imperial dominance and oppression on the world’s people, and it continues to face the consequences of that violence, consequences that are reflected upon the American “nation” in numerous ways. Who are we to deny this fact, or to defend as part of our Communist program, the national sensibilities of a decaying empire? Our adherence to the class viewpoint cuts through all national chauvinism (not to mention nations themselves), and it would be opportunist of us, not to mention reactionary, to dull our truths to make nationalists of any variety cozy, most of all those whose nation sits at the height of imperial accumulation.
Moreover, and relatedly, religious sensibilities should be “offended” as per the proper Communist method of dialectical materialism, which upholds atheism, and educates the people in a consistent materialist worldview beyond all idealist superstitions. Again, this does not mean that we should antagonize religious people, but it does mean that the “offense” they take at being told the truth about their oppressive fairy tales can be of little concern to us.
The ACP however – like many opportunists and revisionists in our country – is unconcerned with the truth, and prefers to crudely prop up what remains of the expired dreams of American planters. In doing so, they never even glimpse for a moment the light of dialectical materialism or class science. The ACP claims Marxism-Leninism and vanguardism, but mucks around in the backwards swamp of both American religious and national reaction, calling for “the construction of a unified American historical, national, and cultural identity to overcome all racial and social antagonisms,”[18] as if a new idealist belief in “the American experiment” was capable of sealing up the contradictions of society, and hasn’t been tried a million times before. By keeping company with the swamp folk and adhering to nationalist and religious sentiment, they deny materialism, science, and especially class and international worker solidarity, siding instead with opportunism and the bourgeoisie (which we will see them do in a most direct way later on in this article). It should go without saying that the ACP will not be able to construct a “perfect nationality,” and that the very desire to do so is steeped in reaction, reaction the party has fully accepted as part of their strategy to appeal to the “MAGA” crowd.[19]
Reaction begets reaction, and as you might imagine, the ACP’s adherence to nationalism and right populism brings with it other shameless examples of backwardness, particularly misogyny. A video posted from their official Youtube channel titled, “Carlos Garrido on the Education Program of the American Communist Party” begins with Carlos driveling on for four minutes, attempting to tell a misogynistic joke about whether Engels, Lenin, and Marx would rather have a wife or a mistress.[20] In a video discussing their party program, Mr. Al-Din proclaims that one of their tenets is the “wholesale abolition of the sex industry, including prostitution and pornography” (which received an unsettling standing ovation by what seemed like a majority of baseball hat-wearing men in attendance).[21] It should go without saying that the abolishment of sex work, as a part of any political program today, engages in adventurism, and reveals profound ignorance on the deep-set contradictions of patriarchy and the economic factors underlying the sex industry. The fixation on sex work that is seen in our movement is reactionary and degenerative, coming from a patriarchal mindset that is unsettled, and not yet developed out of its putridity. The ACP’s taking up this line is fully in-keeping with their general reactionary and chauvinistic character, which is a general trend within their organization.
3. American “Capital” Party
The ACP’s reaction and opportunism makes even more sense when we understand that, despite all their “Communist” posturing, they are an openly bourgeois party organizationally, by virtue of their own founding documents. The supposed “Communists” in the American Communist Party actively and openly encourage all their members to become small business owners. This is not a joke. Listen to this section from their constitution, which puts capitalism as a mandate:
Section 2: Chapters will establish small businesses or cooperatives owned by the Party Chapter (Chapter Enterprises) with the intent of both funding the Chapter and Party.[22]
In this pyramid scheme put forward by the ACP, would-be comrades are instructed to go forth and extract surplus labor from the working class. The inclusion of the word “cooperatives” as an option for a form of ownership does not detract from the parasitical and thoroughly petite-bourgeois directive to have party members establish businesses. Even if these businesses were run by party members as cooperatives, which is clearly only optional, this is still a mandate to engage in speculative capitalist production for the sole purpose of profit-creation, making the ACP much more like a bourgeois development fund than a Communist Party. Section 4 of their constitution proves this point.
Section 4: A Chapter may apply for investment funding or seed capital for Chapter enterprises. This Party fund will be under the direct supervision of the National Treasury section of the Executive Board, and awarded on a case-by-case basis, as decided by the Executive Board. The Executive Board reserves the right to require expertise in any field being investigated and to bring in a consultant with expertise in the field in order to provide sound investment advice.[23]
“Sound investment advice.” This is franchising; bourgeois capital-creation by a bourgeois business. Enough. It’s clear as crystal what the ACP is.
4. The American “Clown” Party: A Joke We Could Learn From
We could go on with their failures but let’s give them some credit for a change. Through absolutely no effort on their part, in fact, in spite of their best efforts, the ACP fulfills a rather progressive and important role in our movement, all things considered. Much of “the left” does correctly (thank goodness) view them as reactionary, calling them “fascist,” “Nazbols,” and whatever else, and while they continue to rightfully draw the ire of our movement towards them, socialism will be repelled from implementing their tactics in a wide way, and in a way that has the potential to build lasting foundations for socialist organizing generally. While our movement is rejecting this reactionary contingent of supposed “Communists,” let’s make sure that we learn the lesson thoroughly so we can truly leave the ACP, and the wider trend they represent, behind, and instead, advance socialism in the correct direction.
The only reason we have talked as much as we have about the ACP is because they have taken the name “Communist” erroneously for themselves, doubtlessly duping and turning reactionary those members of the unconscious masses who are just now waking up to the political plight of working people and the oppressed classes. However, we would like to let all of these wakers know that the American “Communist” Party is no Communist Party at all. We propose that the “C” in ACP actually stands for “Clown;” the American Clown Party is a much more befitting name for the monstrous ideological sideshow of bourgeois opportunism and general reaction that is the ACP.
The fact of the matter however, and the more pressing thing to understand for a Communist, is that the ACP is not alone, and they didn’t spring up onto the political scene out of nowhere. In many ways, organizations like the ACP are inevitable. Any bourgeoisie with a decent amount of capital, or any ambitious opportunist within the sea of opportunists that make up the ranks of the CPUSA, was bound to become the ringleader of just such a circus as the ACP, and our country is bound to throw up many such organizations due to the current forces of capitalist-imperialism.
5. The ACP and American Spontaneity
While we rid our movement of the ACP’s influence, we should not view their party and their bourgeois interests as an anomaly, an exception to our movement. To do that is to miss their being representative of a general trend, and shows a failure to understand the degree to which the bourgeoisie is currently in the driver’s seat of “socialism” generally. It is also a failure to diagnose the general reaction of American society; it is naïve to believe that the full-throated reaction displayed by many in the US will not also find its way into the socialist movement. Finally, it is also a failure from the viewpoint of Marxist theory, which teaches us that Marxism has already achieved numerous victories, so much so that the bourgeois were forced to propagate their views within “Marxism” itself, in the form of revisionism, meaning history has “gifted” us with numerous bourgeois enemies that erroneously take the names “Marxist,” “Communist,” and even “Marxist-Leninist” upon themselves, degrading them. Lenin talks about this in The Historical Destiny of the Doctrine of Karl Marx.[24]
The ACP fits into the wider trend of history, and their hypocrisy in calling themselves “Communist,” along with their egregious reactionary character is not due to any individual ignorance or personal “evil” within Mr. Haz or their ranks of chauvinists, but due to the egregious character of the American spontaneous movement in general, which is destined to birth many ACPs until the point it is raised out of the pit of American reaction and into the conscious revolutionary movement.
By the spontaneous movement, we are referring to a theory of Lenin’s, and a foundational tenet of Marxism-Leninism. He describes this theory well in the following passage from his pamphlet, What is to Be Done?:
...the “spontaneous element”, in essence, represents nothing more nor less than consciousness in an embryonic form. Even the primitive revolts expressed the awakening of consciousness to a certain extent. The workers were losing their age-long faith in the permanence of the system which oppressed them and began... I shall not say to understand, but to sense the necessity for collective resistance, definitely abandoning their slavish submission to the authorities. But this was, nevertheless, more in the nature of outbursts of desperation and vengeance than of struggle.[25]
One of Lenin’s chief contributions to Marxism was his fleshing out of the idea of spontaneity. Through the delineation he makes between revolt-actions that are within the confines of bourgeois society and the conscious actions of capable, professional revolutionaries which act against those confines he reinvigorated Marxism with its revolutionary character, and allowed for the development of theory and socialism generally out of the spontaneity of its time.
It is one-sided to think of the “outbursts of desperation and vengeance” Lenin attributes to spontaneity in the above passage as simply protests or property damage. In truth, these “outbursts,” and the sentiments leading up to them, form whole philosophies and political contingencies within society, as Lenin illustrates throughout What is to Be Done? as a whole. Spontaneity is not comprised of isolated events, but trends that constitute themselves as an entire “revolutionary” movement that is hopelessly encased in the philosophy and tactics of outbursts.
And why are they encased? Why can’t they develop along their own path and become capable? They are encased and trapped in their spontaneity, requiring the efforts of conscious revolutionaries, because of the opportunism of the bourgeoisie, who take up and reproduce each spontaneous trend of the masses, turning it into a market to sell their wares. Often these days, and within the highly parasitical imperialist countries like the United States, the bourgeoisie sell actual commodities to the adherents of the spontaneous movement (think of the commercialism now surrounding the once supposedly “revolutionary” Black or queer liberation movements), but even when this is not happening, the bourgeoisie will bend these spontaneous elements into their own class interest and away from the interest of the workers and the masses, as Lenin explains in the below passage from What is to Be Done?:
But why, the reader will ask, does the spontaneous movement, the movement along the line of least resistance, lead to the domination of bourgeois ideology? For the simple reason that bourgeois ideology is far older in origin than socialist ideology, that it is more fully developed, and that it has at its disposal immeasurably more means of dissemination.[26]
The spontaneous movement in the US today is only now finding its steps after a period of intense counterrevolution (counterrevolution that culminated in the fall of the USSR and the domination of American capital post-Cold War). Thus, it is severely tainted both by the reaction of the ruling-class (due to its adjacency to the highest level of capitalist-imperialists), and by a basic ignorance of socialism (which comes from the fall of the Communist countries, the subsequent reversal of socialist construction, and especially because the US is the primary proponent of capitalist philosophy worldwide).
In line with the spontaneous character of “socialism” today, the ACP has fully submitted to both the bourgeois class and its reaction, siding also with some of the biggest bourgeois political actors. Just like we can’t take their socialism seriously, we can’t take their anti-imperialism seriously either. They portray Russia,[27] China,[28] and a few others as socialist, or otherwise aligned with a socialist strategy, despite the fact that they oppress the world’s proletariat through their defense of private property and their ties to the world market; despite the fact that they are bourgeois countries. The ACP’s delusions in this regard are far too popular for us simply to dismiss as the workings of state intelligence agencies in Beijing and Moscow (even though this is where the delusional snake has its head) and are beyond the scope of this article.
The fact that they have gotten so cozy with sitting bourgeois governments is just another sign of their blatant opportunism, and their complete inability to make any firm distinctions between the current political climate and all its spontaneity on the one hand, and the tasks of socialism on the other. The ACP, like many organizations, accepts the full spontaneity of the masses – and their reaction – with open arms. The fact that they are catering to a particularly anti-DSA crowd is simply the place that their bourgeois handlers have wormed them into, allowing them to divert a progressive section of the masses away from a path of political development and, instead, put them to work for petty bourgeois and rivaling capitalist countries. The ACP and parties like them are part of the fabric of leftist organizing, revisionist and right-leaning fake “Communists” reflecting the contradictions of imperialism and competing bourgeois nations, and never rising above the current form of the spontaneous movement or the domination of the capitalists. In fact, they do their best to ensure the spontaneous movement doesn’t develop at all. The fact that it has developed and is developing further, away from the Democrat-led parliamentarianism that it has been under for some time, is about the only thing the opportunism of the ACP has latched onto that is progressive and good to emphasize, but that has little to do with the actions of the ACP or any of their bourgeois-backers, and a lot more to do with the truths of Marxism-Leninism, and the increasing violence of today’s capitalist-imperialism, both of which are having their effect on the masses.
For now though, and without the influence of a centralized Communist media group, the spontaneous movement in the United States will remain ineffective and reactionary. Our movement will learn, and outgrow its spontaneity, but not without the conscious actions of comrades today.
Until the people of this country are able to see with clearer vision than they do now, it will be the unfortunate task of this publication and all principled comrades to repeatedly report on the erroneous and, far too often, reactionary formations that will endlessly cascade upon the political stage due to the nascent revolt of the lower classes, and the amateurishness of the spontaneous movement in the US. As our current crisis in capitalist-imperial production continues to worsen, numerous political faces and groups will spring up with answers, most all of them representing bourgeois either domestically or abroad, and many calling themselves “Communist.” We will continue the task of thoroughly critiquing the inevitable failures in these organizations until the people rise up out of spontaneity and into a class conscious, anti-revisionist,and scientific (Marxist-Leninist) worldview, creating actually revolutionary organizations, a process which we understand can only occur through the actions of a centralized country-wide media group committed to the anti-revisionist struggle.
Sparkyl laid out the plan for this kind of organization in Where to Begin When We Already Started: Revisionism and Organizational Strategy, and invites all interested comrades to unite with us in this work.
Endnotes
[1] American Communist Party Plenary Committee. “Declaration of the American Communist Party.” https://acp.us/declaration.
[2] Ibid
[3] Hiley, Scott. “What if the people don’t want socialism?” October 21, 2020. https://cpusa.org/interact_cpusa/what-if-the-people-dont-want-socialism/
[4] Lenin, V. I. The State and Revolution. First published in 1918. Lenin Internet Archive. 1993,99. https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1917/staterev/ch06.htm
[5] Lenin, V. I. “Critical Remarks on the National Question.” Prosveshcheniye. Nos. 10, 11, and 13. 1913. Lenin Collected Works. Vol. 20. Progress Publishers. 1972. Pg. 25.
[6] Executive Board American Communist Party (ACP). “ACP Chairman Detained and Interrogated by DHS.” February 25, 2025. https://acp.us/dispatches/2025/acp-chairman-detained-interrogated-dhs.
[7] American Communist Party Plenary Committee. “Declaration of the American Communist Party.” https://acp.us/declaration.
[8] Infrared. “Marxism is Not Woke: Clearing Marx’s Name.” 2023. https://showinfrared.substack.com/p/marxism-is-not-woke. June 24, 2023.
[9] Al-Din, Haz (@InfraHaz), “Why Marxism is not Woke: Proving beyond possible doubt that James Lindsay and other rightists are fundamentally wrong about Marxism, and that Marxist theory in the West is meaningless without the aid of Dugin and Heidegger’s thinking. [MASSIVE THREAD],” Twitter, June 23, 2023, https://x.com/InfraHaz/status/1672279455732215809?lang=en.
[10] Limonov, E., and A. Dugin. 1993. “Declaration on the Establishment of the NBP.” Web.Archive.org. National-Bolshevism. May 1, 1993. https://web.archive.org/web/20080921193029/http://www.nazbol.ru/rubr28/index0/249.html.
[11] Fenghi, Fabrizio. It Will be Fun and Terrifying: Nationalism and Protest in Post-Soviet Russia. University of Wisconsin Press. 2020
[12] Verini, James. “The Imperialist Philosopher Who Demanded the Ukraine War.” The New Yorker. March 1, 2025. https://www.newyorker.com/news/the-weekend-essay/the-imperialist-philosopher-who-demanded-the-ukraine-war.
[13] Faye, Emmanuel. Heidegger: The Introduction of Nazism into Philosophy. New Haven: Yale University Press. 2010. Pg. 205-207.
[14] Sherratt, Yvonne. Hitler’s Philosophers. Yale University Press. 2013. 122-125. https://z-lib.fm/book/5252038/d8e440/hitlers-philosophers.html
[15] Ibid, 116
[16] Constitution of the American Communist Party. October 12, 2024. https://acp.us/constitution.
[17] Ibid
[18] Program of the American Communist Party. October 12, 2024. https://acp.us/program.
[19] Infrared. “The Rise of MAGA Communism.” Substack. 18 Sep 2022. https://showinfrared.substack.com/p/the-rise-of-maga-communism.
[20] American Communist Party. “Carlos Garrido on the Education Program of the American Communist Party.” YouTube. March 18, 2025. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8OZT1JhDb20.
[21] American Communist Party. “The American Communist Party Program- Ft. Haz Al-Din.” YouTube. December 18, 2024. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GkzOcyspH7Y. 22:23-22:48.
[22] Constitution of the American Communist Party. October 12, 2024. https://acp.us/constitution.
[23] Ibid
[24] Lenin, V.I. “The Historical Destiny of the Doctrine of Karl Marx.” 1913. Pravda. No. 50. 1 March 1913. Lenin Collected Works. Progress Publishers. 1975. Volume 18. Pages 582-585.
[25] Lenin, V. I.. 1902. “What is to Be Done?”. Lenin’s Selected Works. Foreign Languages Publishing House. 1961. https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1901/witbd/
[26] Ibid. Pg. 386.
[27] Infrared. “Russia is Still Fighting for Communism.” YouTube. May 16, 2023. https://youtu.be/sK6RLP7i5-w?si=gw81AnTjMpsEFKmG .
[28] u/FamousPlan101. “Recently, the Communist Party of China's Guangxi branch mentioned the American Communist Party in a presentation about the mission and duty of Communist Parties in the New Era.” Reddit. 28 Sep 2025. https://www.reddit.com/r/AskSocialists/s/uavNiUDOL7.